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xam idea book for class 9 social science free download
xam idea book for class 9 social science free download
I.HISTORY OF EXAMINATIONS in India
A. Role of the King and the British administrators in the past
i) History of paper examination in India (Armed forces commission was the first to administer Paper Examination in the year, 1945. As, the Paper Examinations were being conducted by the armed forces from 1944).
ii) Stipends and allowance for the Paper Examinations: The British government started paying stipends to examinees in the beginning of 20th century. It was always a problem. The most common ones were that the Examiners had to travel long distances (to and from) and many of them might be absent on account of religious festivals or any such occasion. As, there were (a few) religious festivals and on those days the Examiners were not allowed to attend the Paper Examinations. Hence, they were in an embarrassing position. However, the exigencies of the situation, the stipends were, to a large extent, inadequate. A few Examiners were not getting any stipend. Some of them were receiving about Rs. 7 to 8/- per day and they were not able to purchase any food during the journeys. They also had to look after their wards or children. Finally, the British Government decided to pay stipends to the Examiners. The Government payed stipends to the Examiners according to the type of examination that they were conducting. As, there were more than one examination a day, the stipend was paid on the basis of a week. Hence, Rs. 10/- per week was paid to the Examiners and they used to receive their money on a weekly basis.
iii) The Examiners came from all parts of the country and they used to come to different cities for Paper Examinations, for different examinations.
iv) Examinations were held on fixed dates. Thus, the Examiners had to prepare well in advance. Hence, the Examiners used to prepare their topics before the examinations (in an area outside the city) and then they used to come to the city for the examination.
v) As, there were examination papers available on post office, on the doormats. The Examiners used to come for their examination and take the examination papers. As, there were no question books given to the examinees and it was a
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